![]() Synthesis of cortisol and the androgens begins with cholesterol. ![]() Biosynthesis of cortisol and adrenal androgens ACTH in turn is regulated by the hypothalamus and central nervous system (CNS) via neurotransmitters and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressine (AVP). Excess or a deficiency of this hormone alters the structure and function of these zones: when ACTH is deficient they degenerate when ACTH is present in excess, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of these zones occur. The zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis are regulated by ACTH ( Adreno Cortico Tropic Hormone), a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
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